The International Journal of Fundamental Research (IJFR) considers plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabrication, falsification, and other forms of academic misconduct to be serious violations of scholarly integrity.

1. What Is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism occurs when a person presents another person's words, ideas, data, images, arguments, structure, or other intellectual work as their own without appropriate acknowledgement or permission where required.

This may include:

• Direct copying without quotation and citation
• Close paraphrasing without proper attribution
• Using another person's ideas without acknowledgement
• Reusing figures, tables, photographs, or other protected material without appropriate permission or attribution
• Submitting another person's work as one's own
• Substantial reuse of an author's own previously published material without appropriate disclosure

2. Similarity Screening

IJSSI may use plagiarism-detection or similarity-screening tools as part of the editorial assessment process.

A similarity score is not, by itself, a final determination of plagiarism. Editors may examine the nature, source, context, extent, and location of matched content before determining whether further action is necessary.

3. Author Responsibility

• All quotations must be appropriately identified and cited.
• Paraphrased material must accurately acknowledge the original source.
• Third-party figures, images, tables, datasets, and other materials must be properly attributed.
• Previously published material must be disclosed where relevant.
• Manuscripts should be carefully checked before submission.

4. Duplicate and Redundant Publication

A manuscript should not be submitted simultaneously to multiple journals. Substantial duplication of previously published or submitted content may result in rejection or other editorial action.

5. Suspected Misconduct Before Publication

If plagiarism or significant duplication is suspected before publication, IJSSI may request an explanation or supporting information from the authors. Depending on the circumstances, the manuscript may be rejected, returned for correction, or subjected to further investigation.

6. Misconduct Discovered After Publication

If substantial plagiarism or other serious integrity concerns are identified after publication, IJSSI may issue a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other appropriate notice in accordance with the circumstances.

7. Self-Plagiarism

Reuse of an author's own previously published text, results, figures, or other material without appropriate acknowledgement or disclosure may constitute inappropriate duplication or self-plagiarism.

8. Artificial Intelligence

Use of artificial intelligence or automated writing tools does not remove the author's responsibility for originality, attribution, accuracy, and integrity. AI-generated or AI-assisted content must not be used in a way that results in plagiarism, copyright infringement, fabrication, or misrepresentation of authorship.

9. Editorial Action

Depending on the severity and circumstances of a case, editorial action may include:

• Request for explanation or revision
• Rejection of the manuscript
• Withdrawal of the manuscript from consideration
• Correction of the published record
• Expression of concern
• Retraction of the published article
• Notification of an appropriate institution or authority where warranted

10. Good Scholarly Practice

Authors are encouraged to maintain accurate research records, cite primary and relevant sources, use quotation marks where appropriate, obtain permissions when required, and carefully review the final manuscript before submission.

Last Updated: August 2026